Abortion, contraceptive use, and adolescent pregnancy among first-year medical students at a major public university in Mexico City

OBJECTIVE: If properly trained, medical students could become future opinion leaders in health policy and could help the public to understand the consequences of unwanted pregnancies and of abortions. The objective of this study was to analyze the frequency of unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions that had occurred among women who were first-year medical students at a major public university in Mexico City and to compare the experiences of those women with the experiences of the general population of Mexican females aged 15 to 24. METHODS: In 1998 we administered a cross-sectional survey to all the first-year medical students at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, which is the largest university in Latin America. For this study we analyzed 549 surveys completed by female students. RESULTS: Out of the 549 women, 120 of them (22 percent) had been sexually active at some point. Among those 120 sexually active students, 100 of them (83 percent) had used a contraceptive method at some time, and 19 of the 120 (16 percent) had been pregnant. Of those 19 women who had been pregnant, 10 of them had had an illegal induced abortion (in Mexico, abortions are illegal except under a small number of extenuating circumstances). The reported abortion rate among the female medical students, 2 percent, was very low in comparison with the 11 percent rate for women of similar ages in the Mexican general population. CONCLUSIONS: The lower incidence of abortion among the female medical students indicates that when young Mexican women have access to medical information and are highly motivated to avoid unintended pregnancy and abortion, they can do so.

Anticoncepción de emergencia: un método simple, seguro, efectivo y económico para prevenir embarazos no deseados / Emergency contraception: a simple, safe, cheap method and effective to prevent unwanted pregnancies

En el presente artículo, se revisa la información más actualizadas sobre los métodos utilizados en anticoncepción de emergencia (AE), definidos éstos como aquellos que previenen el embarazo en un periodo no mayor de tres días después del coito no protegido, de una falla del método o de la violación de la persona. En caso de métodos no hormonales, como el dispositivo intrauterino (DIU), la ventana de intervención se amplía hasta cinco días después de la relación sexual. Se revisan, también, los esquemas actuales de tratamiento, las indicaciones, la efectividad anticonceptiva, los efectos colaterales y el perfil de seguridad, los posibles mecanismos de acción, así como los elementos de la consejería. Se enfatizan los posibles beneficios sobre la salud reproductiva derivados del conocimiento amplio y difuso, así como del acceso fácil y no restringido a esta metodología, además de anexarse la bibliografía actualizada sobre el tema.